, chemical formula Sc2O3, CAS 12060-08-1, White solid. A cubic structure with rare earth sesquioxides. Density 3.864. Melting point 2403 degree ± 20 degree , insoluble in water, soluble in hot acid. Produced by thermal decomposition of scandium salts. Can be used as a vapor deposition material for semiconductor coatings, to make solid-state lasers with variable wavelengths, high-definition television electron guns, metal halide lamps, etc. Used for manufacturing special optical glass. Adding product to optical glass can increase its refractive index and improve its chemical stability and radiation resistance. For example, when manufacturing glass for space telescopes and high-precision optical instruments, these properties of product can ensure that the glass maintains good optical performance even in harsh space environments or complex optical experimental conditions.
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O3Sc2 |
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138 |
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138 |
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m/z |
138 (100.0%) |
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O, 34.80; Sc, 65.20 |
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Due to the unique physicochemical properties of Sc2O3 , they have achieved good application development in many high-tech and industrial sectors since the 1980s. The current application status of Sc2O3 in the fields of alloys, electric light sources, catalysts, activators, and ceramics in China and around the world will be described later.
At present, scandium oxide alloy (Al Sc) made of scandium and aluminum has the advantages of low density (Sc is 3.0g/cm3, Al is 2.7g/cm3), high strength, high hardness, good plasticity, strong corrosion resistance and thermal stability. Therefore, it has been widely used in structural components such as missiles, aerospace, aviation, automobiles and ships, and gradually turned to civilian use, such as sports devices (hockey and baseball sticks), computer and mobile phone cases, etc. It has the characteristics of high strength, high stiffness and light weight, and is of great practical value.
Scandium mainly plays a role in modifying and refining grains in alloys, resulting in the formation of new phases of Al3Sc type and exhibiting excellent performance characteristics. Al Sc alloys have formed a series of alloy series, such as 17 Al Sc series in Russia, and several alloys in China (such as Al Mg Sc Zr and Al Zn Mg Sc alloys). The characteristics of this type of alloy cannot be replaced by other materials, so from a development perspective, its application development and potential are great, and it is expected to become a major application in the future. If Russia has already industrialized production and developed rapidly for lightweight structural components, China is also accelerating research and application, especially in the fields of aerospace and aviation with the best prospects.
A new third-generation electric light source material is made by converting pure Sc2O3 into ScI3 and then processing it with NaI to produce scandium sodium halogen lamps for illumination (each lamp uses approximately 0.1mg~10mg of Sc2O3 Greater than or equal to 99% material). Under high voltage, the scandium spectral line appears blue and the sodium spectral line appears yellow, and the two colors work together to produce light close to sunlight, making the lamp have the advantages of high luminosity, good light color, energy saving, long lifespan, and strong defogging power.
Adding pure Sc2O3 Greater than or equal to 99.9% to gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) can produce gadolinium gallium scandium garnet (GGSG), which is in the form of Gd3Sc2Ga3O12. The emission power of the third-generation laser made from it is 3.{{10}} times higher than that of lasers of the same volume, achieving high-power and miniaturized laser devices, increasing laser oscillation output power, and improving laser performance. When preparing single crystals, each furnace charge is 3kg to 5kg, and adding Sc2O3 Greater than or equal to 99.9% raw material is about 1.0kg. At present, the application of this type of laser in military technology is becoming increasingly widespread, and it is gradually being pushed towards civilian industry. From a development perspective, there is great potential for military and civilian use in the future.
Pure Sc2O3 can be used as an oxidizing cathode activator for color television cathode electron guns, with good results. Spray a one millimeter thick layer of Ba, Sr, Ca oxide on the cathode of the color tube, and then disperse a 0.1 millimeter thick layer of Sc2O3 on top. In the cathode of the oxide layer, the reaction between Mg, Sr and Ba promotes the reduction of Ba, releasing more active electrons and emitting high current electrons, causing the phosphor to emit light. Compared with the cathode without Sc2O3 coating, it can increase the current density by 4 times, make the TV picture clearer, and increase the cathode life by 3 times. Each 21 inch cathode uses 0.1mg of Sc2O3. At present, this cathode is widely used in some countries around the world, such as Japan, which can improve market competitiveness and promote TV sales.
practice in production technology and equipment, there are currently several methods for extracting Sc2O3 from scandium containing raw materials:
It is a novel separation technology that combines membrane separation with liquid-liquid extraction. But there is currently no production practice. Someone once used emulsion liquid membrane to enrich Sc from 60mg/L to 1400mg/L after primary extraction.
From the years of extracting Sc2O3 in our country, it can be seen that almost the first two processes are adopted
The process of producing scandium oxid from scandium concentrate by extraction method: Dissolve scandium concentrate in hydrochloric acid to obtain ScCl3 solution, and then purify to remove impurities such as titanium and iron. Use purified liquid as raw material. Extract with 50% tributyl phosphate (TBP) and kerosene. The prepared feed solution and extractant are placed in an extraction tank to extract scandium. After acid washing and distilled water back extraction of scandium, a pure scandium containing solution (ScCl3 solution) is obtained, which is then precipitated with oxalic acid, dried, and burned to obtain pure Sc2O3 product. The main process is: scandium concentrate acid dissolution purification TBP extraction scandium acid washing back extraction scandium oxalate precipitation drying incineration packaging storage (pure Sc2O3 product).
Process: Use tungsten waste residue (containing Sc2O378g/t~377g/t) as raw material. Dissolve it in hydrochloric acid, filter it, purify and remove impurities from the feed solution, and obtain a pure ScCl3 solution for mixing and use as the feed solution for ion exchange. Prepare the adsorption column and separation column for later use. Flow the material solution (ScCl3 solution) from the top of the column into the adsorption column until it reaches Sc3+saturation and is ready for use. After connecting the adsorption column and the separation column in series, the eluent flows from the top of the adsorption column and passes through the separation column. When the last separation column stably flows out of the ScCl3 liquid, the ScCl3 liquid (pure ScCl3 liquid) can be continuously received in the collection container. After adjusting the acidity, oxalic acid is used for precipitation, filtration, drying, and calcination to produce pure Sc2O3 product. The main process is: tungsten waste residue - acid dissolution - purification - adsorption column - rinsing - receiving ScCl3 solution - acid adjustment - precipitation of scandium - drying - incineration - packaging - storage (pure Sc2O3 product).
Process: Dissolve chloride smoke dust in HCl and purify and remove impurities to produce ScCl3 feed solution. Extract scandium with 50% TBP kerosene extractant in the extraction tank, acid wash impurities, and back extract scandium to obtain pure Sc-Cl3 solution. Then precipitate Sc with H2C2O4 and burn to obtain pure Sc2O3 product. The main process is: oxidation of smoke dust - hydrochloric acid dissolution - purification - purification of ScCl3 solution - extraction - acid washing - reverse extraction - precipitation - incineration - packaging - storage (pure Sc2O3 product).
Using titanium dioxide waste liquid (containing Sc2O325g/m3) as raw material. In a sulfuric acid medium system using P204 kerosene as the extractant, scandium is extracted from the feed solution in the extraction tank. After acid washing with H2SO4 and H2O2 to remove impurities, scandium is back extracted with NaOH solution to produce Sc (OH) 3 enrichment. Sc (OH) 3 is dissolved in hydrochloric acid to form ScCl3 solution, and scandium is precipitated with oxalic acid and burned twice. The is packaged as pure Sc2O3. The main process is: titanium dioxide waste liquid - preparation - extraction - acid washing - reverse extraction - Sc (OH) 3 product - dissolution - precipitation - incineration - packaging - storage (pure Sc2O3 product).
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